Cycle lengths and member sizes when k > ceiling(x log 3)

Just to finish this line off … any rational cycle with all members greater than 1 needs to have k < 2x.

The smallest member of any rational cycle v is less than that of the high cycle.

Easy case, let k=2x.

f(v) \leq f(v_h) = \cfrac{\sum_{i=0}^{x-1} 3^{x-i-1} 2^{\lfloor \frac{k}{x}\,i \rfloor}}{2^k-3^x}

= \cfrac{\sum_{i=0}^{x-1} 3^{x-i-1} 2^{2i}}{2^{2x}-3^x}

= \cfrac{4^x-3^x}{4^x-3^x} = 1

Actually, the high cycle’s smallest member is 1 when k=2x because its parity sequence (10)^* follows the trivial cycle.

Here’s a general account of the high cycle’s smallest member:

f(v) \leq f(v_h) = \cfrac{\sum_{i=0}^{x-1} 3^{x-i-1} 2^{\lfloor \frac{k}{x}\,i \rfloor}}{2^k-3^x}

\leq \cfrac{\sum_{i=0}^{x-1} 3^{x-i-1} 2^{\frac{k}{x}\,i}}{2^k-3^x}

= \cfrac{2^k-3^x}{2^{k/x}-3}\cdot\cfrac{1}{2^k-3^x}

= \cfrac{1}{2^{k/x}-3}

So for a rational cycle to have all members greater than 1, we require 2^{k/x}-3 < 1, or k < 2x.

From an integer cycle perspective, this bound is very weak, but rational high cycles with k = 2x -1 manage to have all members above 1.