Collatz High Cycles

@mathkook has a very beautiful result about the “opposite” of Collatz circuits which he calls high cycles and he shows that they cannot be integer and, surprisingly, the proof does not involve Baker-style heavy artillery. Their parity vectors correspond to Christofell words, here is Python code to generate them:

def upper_christoffel_word(n: int, k: int) -> str:
    word = []
    for i in range(n):
        if (i + 1) * k // n > i * k // n:
            word.append('1')
        else:
            word.append('0')
    return ''.join(word)[::-1]

However, unlike circuits, it seems difficult to give a closed formula for their cyclic rational.

I wanted to share the following images which suggests that, close to the parity vector, all Christofell words are able to generate the same following pattern:

Here is examplified on three of them (using enough repetitions to see the pattern):

  • 1101011010110101101011010110101101011010 (length 40, 24 ones)

It is the first time that I see a family of parity vectors that is able to sustain the same kind of pattern close to the parity vector (but yes, it seems to diverge into more complex stuff when you go away).

This is cool! I didn’t realize the high cycles have this “look”. A thought: in every high cycle, there are four members of special interest:

smallest
110110101101101011010

largest
010110101101101011011

pair with longest shared prefix
1011010110110101101.10
1011010110110101101.01

Below is my flailing attempt to first just locate where they are in the tiling – once I’m able to find them, I’ll have improved my tile literacy :slight_smile:

Then my main wonder is if it’s possible to get a geometric interpretation of any of these four members, maybe even locate them visually, maybe as promontories or peaks or valleys.

Cool questions!

Sorry for the low res screenshots from my simulator…

Your red arrow is one beige two low: you need to bring it back up pointing to the beige above its current position. Similarly your yellow needs to the green right after:

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Cool book about Christoffel words:

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